Richard Sheppard, the canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, had been an army chaplain during the First World War. A committed pacifist, was concerned by the failure of the major nations to agree to international disarmament and in July 1935 established the Peace Pledge Union (PPU). The organization included other prominent religious, political and literary figures including George Lansbury, Vera Brittain, Siegfried Sassoon, Donald Soper, Aldous Huxley, Laurence Housman and Bertrand Russell.
In 1938 the Peace Pledge Union campaigned against legislation introduced by Parliament for military conscription and air raid precautions. The also organized alternative Remembrance Day commemorations including the wearing of white rather than red poppies on 11th November.
In September 1939, Vera Brittain of the PPU began publishing