India

In 1914 India had a population of over 320 million. The British king, George V, was Emperor of India, ruling through an appointed viceroy based in New Delhi. The viceroy appointed his own cabinet from about 6,500 British officials. The 1909 India Act allowed Indians a share in the work of the legislative councils.

The Indian Army was reorganized by Lord Kitchener while he was commander-in-chief in India (1902-09). Kitchener established an army of 10 divisions (155,000) backed by an internal security force of some 80,000 troops. About a quarter of the infantry and cavalry troops and almost all artillery personnel in the army were British.