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Rudolf Breitscheild, the son of a bookseller, was born in Cologne, Germany, on 2nd November, 1874. After studying political economy in Munich and Marburg he entered journalism and eventually became editor of radical newspapers in Hamburg and Hanover.
A member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), Breitscheild was elected to the Berlin town council in 1904. Over the next few years he emerged as one of the leaders of the party.
Breitscheild opposed the First World War and in 1917 along with other left-wing figures in the party formed the Independent Socialist Party. Other members included Kurt Eisner, Karl Kautsky, Eduard Bernstein, Julius Leber and Rudolf Hilferding. After the German Revolution in Prussia he briefly became Minister of the Interior in the new government.
In 1922 Breitscheild returned to the Social Democratic Party and supported the government of Hermann Muller between 1928 and 1930. With the growth of the Nazi Party Breitscheild argues for a protective alliance between the SDP and the German Communist Party (KPD).
When Adolf Hitler gained power Breitscheild was forced to flee to France and in 1938 helped to form the Central Union of German Emigrants. When the German Army invaded France in 1940 Breitscheild fled to Marseilles. However, in 1941 he was arrested by the Vichy government and handed over to the Gestapo. Rudolf Breitscheild died while in a German concentration camp on 24th August, 1944.
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