The
Romanov Dynasty had ruled Russia since
1613. Nicholas
II had succeeded to the throne in 1894. His title, like other
Tsars before him, was 'Emperor and Autocrat of all Russia'. The country
was run by a ten man ministerial council. Each minister was both appointed
and dismissed by the Tsar.
The Tsar
also had the power to grant hereditary titles. These usually went
to men who had achieved high rank in the armed forces and the civil
service. It 1900 it was estimated that there were about 1.8 million
members of the nobility in Russia.
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