In 1939 Leopold Trepper, an agent for
the NKVD, established the Red Orchestra
network in Europe. and organised underground operations in Germany,
France, Holland
and Switzerland.
Red
Orchestra worked closely with the French
Communist Party and succeeded in tapping the phones of Abwehr
in
France. Trepper was also able to provide detailed reports on the plans
for a German invasion of the Soviet Union.
In
the spring of 1942 the first Red Orchestra agents were arrested in
Belgium. Some agents broke under torture
and the Germans were able to liquidate the network in Europe. The
Red Orchestra's headquarters were raided in November, 1942. Leopold
Trepper managed to escape and remained in hiding until Paris was
liberated.
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