You are going to write an essay on the history of European Unity.
The first paragraph and the beginning of each of the other paragraphs
have been done for you (red type). The text in the light type suggests
the type of information that you should include in this paragraph.
Always try to use your own words. If you copy directly from the material
you must use quotation marks.
(1) In
1693 William Penn published his 'Essay on the Present and Future Peace
of Europe'. In this pamphlet Penn called for the establishment of
a European Parliament. He argued that the voting system should be
based on the demographic and economic importance of the various countries.
Therefore Germany would have twelve votes whereas France, Spain, Russia
and Turkey would have ten each, Italy eight and England six, an so
on - a total of ninety votes in all. Penn suggested that decisions
taken by the European Parliament should be enforced by a European
Army.
(2) Little
interest was shown in William Penn's ideas and it was not until the
end of the 18th century that the subject was revived.
Write about the views of
Immanuel Kant (4th paragraph) and Jeremy
Bentham (4th paragraph) on European Unity.
(3) In
1814 the French philosopher Claude-Henri Saint-Simon published
'On the Reorganisation of European Society'.
Explain the views expressed
by Claude-Henri
Saint-Simon (4th
paragraph) in his book 'On
the Reorganisation of European Society' .
(4)
In 1851 an International Peace Congress was held in Paris.
Describe what Victor
Hugo said in
his speech in Paris (5th paragraph and source 1).
(5) Pierre
Joseph Proudhon was also a supporter of European Unity.
Explain
why
Pierre
Joseph Proudhon
(paragraph 7) was in favour of a
Federal Europe.
(6)
After the First World War, the Italian industrialist, Giovanni Agnelli
argued the formation of a federation of European states.
Explain
why Giovanni
Agnelli
(4th
paragraph) supported the formation of a federation of European states.
(7)
In his book, 'Perspectives of World Development'
(1924), Leon Trotsky urged the formation of
a United Socialist States of Europe in order to resist the power of
American capitalism.
Explain
the views of Richard
Coudenhove-Kalergi and
his Pan-Europa movement (paragraph 2).
(8)
The first leading politician to propose a united Europe was the French
foreign minister, Aristide Briand.
Describe
the views of Aristide
Briand (paragraph
9 and sources 2 and 3) and Edouard
Herriot
(paragraph
6 and source 1) concerning European Unity.
(9)
In 1945 Jean Monnet was appointed as Planning Commissioner in France.
Explain
the role played by Jean
Monnet and
Robert Schuman in the establishment of
the European Union (paragraphs 2 and 3).
European
Pioneers
History
of the European Union: Integration Process and European Citizenship
