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Frances Balfour, the daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll, was born in 1858. The tenth of twelve children, Frances had a hip-joint disease and from early childhood was constantly in pain and walked with a limp. The Duke and Duchess of Argyll were both supporters the Liberal Party in Parliament and were involved in several different campaigns for social reform. Frances also helped with these campaigns as a child and one way she contributed was to knit garments to be sent to the children of ex-slaves.
Frances married Eustace Balfour in 1879. At first the Duke of Argyll had opposed the relationship because he came from a well-known Tory family. Eustace's uncle, the Marquis of Salisbury, had three spells as Prime Minister. Eustace's elder brother, Arthur Balfour, was also a Conservative politician and was later to become Britain's Prime Minister (1902-1905).
Unlike his brother and uncle, Eustace did not take an active role in politics. However, he shared his family's Tory views and this caused conflict between him and his wife. Frances was a passionate Liberal and was a loyal supporter of William Gladstone and his government. The couple never overcame these political differences and spent less and less time together. Eustace was a heavy drinker and eventually became an alcoholic. Eustace died in 1911.
Membership of the Women's Liberal Unionist Association brought her into contact with feminists such as Marie Corbett and Eva Maclaren. In 1887 Balfour joined with Corbett and Maclaren in the recently formed Liberal Women's Suffrage Society.
Frances Balfour was a good speaker and often appeared at suffragist public meetings. She was also well-placed to try and influence leading members of the House of Commons. Frances and her sister-in-law, Betty Balfour, tried hard to persuade Arthur Balfour, to support women's suffrage. Although Balfour accepted the justice of women's rights, his lack of enthusiasm meant that he was unwilling to fight for the cause inside the largely unsympathetic Conservative Party.
Balfour was a completely non-violent suffragist and was totally opposed to the militant actions of the Women's Political and Social Union (WSPU). Francis disagreed with her sister-in-law, Constance Lytton, who joined the WSPU and had to endure several periods of imprisonment. Frances was also opposed to socialism and was very unhappy with the decision of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in 1912 to support the Labour Party.
After women were granted the vote, Balfour spent her time writing books and articles. This included several biographies and an autobiography, Me Obliviscaris. Frances Balfour died in 1930.
Forum Debates
Votes for Women
Women and Football
Men's League for Women's Suffrage
Women's History
(1) In July 1911, Frances Balfour gave a talk on women's suffrage at Coombe House, East Grinstead. The speech was reported in the local newspaper, The East Grinstead Observer.
Lady Frances Balfour gave a talk on Women's Suffrage. Lady Balfour told the meeting that as the law stood women were classed with paupers, felons and lunatics as being unfit to exercise the franchise
She went on to speak of the great struggle women had in the matters of education, the difficulty they had in getting into the medical profession and taking part in local government
One of the arguments used against women having the vote was that they could not fight, therefore they had no right to a voice in these matters dealing with wars, but this was ridiculous, for who was it who suffered most in time of war? Women, because they lost their husbands and sons.
(2) After joining the WSPU Annie Kenney moved to London to work as a full-time organiser. On one occasion she was asked to represent the WSPU at a meeting with Arthur Balfour, the leader of the Conservative Party.
Lady Balfour took me to see Arthur Balfour privately. When we arrived he asked me to tell him what I thought he could do for us. I had a long talk with him
There he sat in age armchair, his long spidery legs stretched out
He constantly sniffed at a small bottle. I wondered what it contained and thought the conversation might be upsetting him
It was time to go and he had not committed himself any more than I expected he would.
(3) Frances and Betty Balfour observed the arrest of several members of the WSPU on 29th June 1909. Frances Balfour wrote a letter to Millicent Fawcett describing what she saw.
I am just back from a night with the militants
The police in solid lines turned the women into Victoria Street. Here we saw several arrests, the women all showing extraordinary courage in the rough rushes of the crowd round them
Two women, exactly in front of us threw stones at the windows. Poor shots; I don't think the glass was cracked. A policeman flew round at them and had his arms round their necks before we could wink. The courage that dares this handling I do admire. There is a fine spirit, but whether it is not rather thrown away on these tactics remains a doubt in my mind.
(4) Mrs. Arnold Forster, letter to Lady Balfour on news of Constance Lytton's death.
Few things affected my whole vision of life more than her example. It made one ashamed of half-hearted faith, and of one's cowardice. It set a standard, by which women felt they must measure themselves, and finding themselves wanting, felt that they must live more finely. That is what heroes and saints do for us, they lift up our standards of faith and achievement. I feel today the same deep impulse of gratitude and love that we felt in the dark days when she lay in prison for us.
(5) Mrs. Coombe Tennant, wrote a letter to Lady Balfour on hearing about the death of Constance Lytton.
Somehow I cannot think of the passing of such as your sister Constance with any sense of break - only of a sense of a great emergence into ampler freedom and activity
I don't in the least care whether her actions were wise or foolish. I simply say she had a share in altering the world and shaping thought among women. Who could ask for a better epitaph?"

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